Concentration of media ownership also known as media consolidation or media convergence is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media. Read each question carefully and make sure you know what you have to do before. The impact of ownership on these was largely reflected. As gce media studies g322 01 key media concepts tv drama 5073085356 instructions to candidates write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer booklet. A good example of this was provided by peter westerway, former chair of the australian broadcasting tribunal, who said at a 1997 conference on media ownership and control. Krishna menon would castigate the jute press in a clear reference to bccl which was then controlled by the sahu. Media ownership and concentration in south africa oxford.
I believe that media ownership concentration is best approached using the standard tools of economic analysis intended for such purposes. Although media ownership is a fairly straightforward concept, it can be further qualified according to a variety of forms. Key media concepts television drama mark scheme for june 2015. In most cases, this leads to media cross ownership as media owners begin to expand. Posted in 5 minute film, editing, g3212 minute fiction film foundation portfolio, g322 key media concepts tv drama, g325 question 1, year 12, year tagged editing, g321, g322 leave a comment. Exploring the issues in media ownership and control in. May 15, 2011 ocr media g322 section b revision guide ppt 1. Path to media ownership and sustainability access to capital virtual symposium access to capital working group of the advisory committee on diversity and digital empowerment and the fccs media bureau federal communications commission washington, dc november 6, 2020 9. Nonetheless, this entry discusses several major questions and concerns related to media ownership that have attracted scholarly attention in recent years.
Media ownership in the united states today divides along the historical fault lines of gender and race. We then examine two theories of government ownership of the media. Key media concepts television drama mark scheme for june 2016. Media ownership and agenda control offers a detailed examination of media ownership amidst the complexities of the information age, from the resurgence of. Government ownership of media if we accept that the free flow of information and ideas is indispensable for democracy, then it is easy to see that ownership patterns are essential indicators of the extent of democratization of media in any country. In democracies such as australia, society is conditioned to use the news media to make informed choices about who will represent on their behalf in parliament.
Communications for its inquiries into news and media ownership 0708 and the film and tv industries 0910. Gender and race conscious research toward egalitarian. On the one hand, this is because it is not risky to state that the region. Media ownership and journalism oxford research encyclopedia.
The main concern with ownership in journalism scholarship is market concentration and. Mass media are seen as a social medium that contributes to building strong nations. Media ownership 2006 research studies archive 73107. G322 film industry revision technological convergence. However, the media in many african countries have tended to fall in the authoritarian category mostly. Mass media ownership and its effects on different aspects of mass media performance were the subject of many studies. A total of 26 broadcasters were in the ownership of legal entities 17 tv stations and 9 radio stations of which 11 were allowed to broadcast at national level tv. Time after time, however, it has viewed those forms of diversity not as policy goals in and of themselves, but as proxies for viewpoint diversity. Digital technologynew media convergent media, online distribution, immediacy without understanding, 2. Contemporary research demonstrates increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a very small number of firms. We examine the patterns of media ownership in 97 countries around the world. Media cross ownership is where a single corporate entity owns numerous types of media companies. Media ownership is sometimes seen as a simple reflection of political conditions. There is a grain of truth in this, but it is clear that the reality is much more complex.
Media ownership does impact on the successful distribution of newspapers. Structure, concentration and changes of the media system in the. Intro to writing presentation transcript media ownership. Who owns the media in the philippines media ownership.
The fccs rules and policies regarding media ownership. As level media studies unit g322 exemplar candidate work from. Within the media watch program, we drew attention to the threat these issues pose to media pluralism in 2002 based on. Media ownership regulation, the first amendment, and.
Analyzing the effects and measuring the extent of ownership concentration is a welldeveloped field of economic policy analysis, especially in the context of antitrust enforcement. Implications for democratic governance in the fourth republic of ghana by mohammed s. Media ownership elizabeth hart in 2006, the bulletin magazine named murdoch the most in. Independence and pluralism in media, public opinion and views including criticism of people in power are the safeguards of a healthy democracy. Annabelle is more of psychological horror that builds off fear, whereas cell seems to mess with the mind and confuse its viewer with no contextual background leaving the most effective tool for a horror film, human imagination, to decide the context for. Apr 28, 2015 module 3 b324 production portfolio in media studies. There are, however, some exceptions in some countries like nigeria, zambia, egypt and kenya where there exists some form of private media ownership and thus some form of limited freedom.
Candidates will be assessed on their ability to illustrate patterns of. He is currently working on an ahrc funded project on media ownership, journalism and diversity. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. Oct 05, 20 posted in 5 minute film, editing, g3212 minute fiction film foundation portfolio, g322 key media concepts tv drama, g325 question 1, year 12, year tagged editing, g321, g322 leave a comment.
Debates on media ownership are almost as old as the nation itself. Addressing intellectual property ownership when drafting. The circulation of newspapers is declining by 8% per year and owners such as the. G322 mark scheme january 2011 5 question number answer max mark 2 section b. Media studies unit g322 exemplar candidate work from june 2015 january 2016 media studies uk. Media ownership and democracy in the digital information age.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Federal communications commission fcc media ownership rules. From 1970 to 1995, networks powers were limited further with the financial interest and syndication rule finsyn. In most, if not in all african countries, the patterns of ownership. The rule prohibited the major tv networks from having. The broad area of research that examines the many facets of media ownership does not lend itself to a tidy synthesis. Remember that media messages are so constant and so pervasive that we are continually being exposed to media information either directly from media exposures or indirectly by other people talking about media exposures. These include horizontal the ownership of distinct but similar media products, vertical the ownership of. Addressing intellectual property ownership when drafting joint development agreements by sharon l. His immersion in media policy analysis goes back 25 years, during which time he has advised a number of government and opposition. Asare email protected, email protected senior lecturer and head of department department of political science university of ghana, legon abstract after two decades of constitutional rule with ghana having a vibrant and pluralistic media, the media is. The countrys first prime minister jawaharlal nehru and his defence minister v. Concentration of media ownership is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media. In many countries, even with private ownership, government regulates the media industry, provides direct subsidies and advertising revenues to media outlets, restricts access to newsprint and information collection, and harasses journalists.
Ocr oxford cambridge and rsa is a leading uk awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. Monitoring and ensuring ownership pluralism is the first step toward independence and freedom of choice. A good example of this was provided by peter westerway, former chair of the australian broadcasting tribunal, who said at a 1997 conference on media ownership. The current debate over media ownership limits this book presents a critical view of the current state of commercial mass media in america. It examines the media through the lens of the public policy debates about limits on the number and type of media outlets that a single firm can own.
The importance of cross media convergence and synergy in production, distribution. A high concentration of the media market increases the chances to reduce the plurality of political, cultural and social points of views. Media ownership preface the issues of media ownership concentration and the formulation and implementation of an effective media legislation received considerable attention in recent years. The operation of the media ownership rules listed under. Presentation transcript a diversity of views and opinions is needed so society remains informed and can make the correct decisions. This chapter describes media ownership and concentration in south africa.
This report provides a first analysis of media ownership on the basis of the mavise. Owners, we find that minorities and females are clearly underrepresented in the. The issues of media ownership concentration and the formulation and implementation of an effective media legislation received considerable attention in recent years. Following an overview of the indian media landscape, the remainder of the chapter focuses on print media newspapers, book publishing, and magazine publishing, audiovisual media radio, broadcast television, multichannel tv platforms, video channels, and film, telecommunications media wireline and wireless telecom, and. Studying the ownership structure of latin ame rican media is a challenge in various senses. Media and political communications in nigerias first republic there were mixed party and nonparty media, governmentowned and controlled media, politicalparty newspapers and the press of private concerns, during the first republic, 19601966.
This topic attracts many scholars due to importance of mass media in social life of society and its ability to affect publics. Therefore, we need to acknowledge that the media are continually exerting an influence on us. Media ownership is of interest to research on journalism due to the assumption that ownership can have an impact of the contents and practices of journalism. This study examines the current state of minority ownership of media. After a quick look at the south african media scene, the chapter analyzes print media newspapers, book publishing, magazine publishing, audiovisual media radio, broadcast television, multichannel tv platforms, video channels, film, telecommunications media wireline and wireless telecom, and internet media internet. Parliament has put in place media ownership rules for television. G322 film industry revision free download as powerpoint presentation. Minister with portfolio responsibilities for media policy becomes, or is perceived to become, captured by particular media commercial interests. This chapter examines media ownership and concentration in india. Mass media influence the way facts are viewed and debated in the society. Owners of the media can be anticompetitive, making sure to slow innovation by shutting down startup competition. Institutions and audiences discuss the issues raised by media ownership in the production and exchange of media texts in your chosen media area. News international have not been afraid to expand and because of this its allowed the public to access more available products. Media ownership and concentration in india oxford scholarship.
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